“Ketoconazole, whether in a 1% over-the-counter formula or a 2% prescription strength, is beneficial for treating dandruff by targeting the yeast or fungus causing the condition,” she says. Other effective anti-dandruff ingredients include selenium sulfide and zinc pyrithione, which also kill yeast. Clarifying agents like salicylic acid can exfoliate and lift dead skin off the scalp. Additionally, essential oils such as tea tree oil and rosemary oil have anti-inflammatory and hydrating properties for a dry, flaky scalp. “However, these oils can also lead to excess oiliness and reduced hair volume, so they should be used sparingly.”
How to use a dandruff shampoo
“The biggest mistake people make when washing their hair is focusing on cleansing their hair and neglecting their scalp,” says Saedi. She explains that when washing your hair, it’s important to focus on cleansing the scalp. (You’ll want to massage the product into the scalp then let it sit for a few minutes before rinsing to allow the active ingredients enough time to work.) For active dandruff, Saedi recommends using a dandruff shampoo every time you wash your hair. Once the dandruff is under control, you can reduce usage to once a week to maintain a healthy and balanced scalp.
How should you wash your scalp if you have dandruff?
Addressing scaling and buildup is most effective by targeting the roots. Caspara suggests using a scalp brush to help distribute the shampoo evenly and dislodge flakes. “Avoid using your nails to scrub, as this can cause inflammation and long-term damage to hair follicles,” says Caspara. Focusing application on the scalp is also important as some ingredients (like salicylic acid or ketoconazole) can make the rest of the hair brittle and prone to breakage.
After rinsing out the dandruff shampoo, you can follow up with a second wash of your regular shampoo to moisturize both the scalp and the hair. (Ensure this shampoo contains hydrating ingredients, such as glycerin.) Finish with a conditioner on the ends of the hair.
Can you use conditioner after a dandruff shampoo?
Yes! Saedi says that for active dandruff, it may be best to use a conditioner specifically formulated for dandruff. However, it’s perfectly fine to use a traditional conditioner after washing your hair. Just make sure to apply it only to the ends of your hair and avoid the scalp as it can cause more oil production, making the dandruff worse. (Dandruff conditioners are formulated differently from traditional ones and can be used on the scalp.)
How often should you wash your hair if you have dandruff?
Saedi explains that if you have a dry scalp, you can wash your hair less frequently. Conversely, if your scalp is oily, you should wash your hair more often—every other day or even daily—to help remove excess oil. Kobets adds that it’s best to use a dandruff shampoo 1-3 times a week and to alternate with a good clarifying shampoo containing salicylic acid or tea tree oil.
Should you follow your dandruff shampoo with a traditional shampoo?
Caspara says, “I personally use a dandruff shampoo for the first wash, then follow with my regular daily shampoo for the second wash to prevent my hair from drying out.”
Is it possible to prevent dandruff altogether?
“Unless there is an underlying circulation issue or a long-term unhealthy diet, almost anyone can prevent dandruff by occasionally deep cleansing their scalp, even if they don’t feel any buildup,” says Caspara. Kobets adds that using a clarifying shampoo once a week or once a month (depending on scalp oiliness) can be particularly effective, especially during warmer months or after excessive sweating or gym workouts.
It’s important not to keep hair wet in a ponytail after washing; instead, let it air dry to reduce the moist conditions where yeast thrives. If you are prone to dandruff, the goal should be to clear it and prevent it from recurring. “However, those with a sensitive scalp may find that dandruff recurs from time to time, and that’s okay. Just continue using the products and routine that help to clear and rebalance your scalp,” says Saedi.
If you’ve tried dandruff shampoos without relief or results, it might be time consult a dermatologist. Conditions like eczema can also irritate the scalp and may require different treatments.