Painful or irregular menstruation cycle can hint beyond PCOS or PCOD. Expert reveals few signs and symptoms of ovarian cysts.
A fluid-filled sac that forms in an ovary is called an ovarian cyst. They are highly prevalent and typically symptomless. The majority of ovarian cysts spontaneously disappear within a few months and don’t require medical intervention. Typically seen in the reproductive age group of 15 to 44, often incidentally found during a routine ultrasound.
What Are Ovarian Cysts?
Ovarian cysts can be benign or malignant. Benign types include follicular cysts, caused by an unfertilised follicle filling with fluid; hemorrhagic cysts, which result from bleeding into a cyst and are often associated with follicular or corpus luteal cysts; and corpus luteal cysts, developing after egg release when the follicle sac retains fluid. Endometriotic cysts, known as chocolate cysts, stem from endometriosis outside the uterus. Dermoid cysts contain hair, skin, or teeth due to their embryonic origins. Malignant cysts are ovarian tumors requiring medical evaluation. Each type has distinct causes and implications, requiring specific diagnosis and management. Mentioned below are some warning signs of an ovarian cyst. India.com got in touch with By Dr. Ramya KS, Consultant – Obstetrics, Gynecology & Laparoscopic Surgeon, Rainbow Hospital, Bannerghatta, who explained about early warning signs of ovarian cysts.
5 Warning Signs of Ovarian Cysts
- Pelvic pain and discomfort: Pelvic pain or discomfort may result from the enlargement or rupture or torsion of these cysts. Depending on the size of the cyst and how it affects the surrounding tissues, the pain can range in intensity and be either subtle or acute.
- Nausea or vomiting: This is typically seen when the ovarian cysts undergo torsion, usually seen in dermoid cysts. This is usually an emergency and needs immediate treatment in the form of surgery
- Changes in bowel or urinary habits: Sometimes alterations in bowel or urine habits can be used as early warning signs of ovarian cysts. Changes in stool consistency or increased frequency of bowel movements are among the symptoms that women with ovarian cysts may experience. Ovarian cysts may also be accompanied by urinary symptoms such increased urgency, discomfort during urination, or changes in urine patterns. Consultation with a healthcare professional for an appropriate assessment and diagnosis should follow these changes. Timely care following early discovery may help reduce symptoms and avert potential consequences related to ovarian cysts.
- Painful menstruation: An important warning indicator of ovarian cysts is severe pain during the menstrual cycle. This pain, which is frequently characterized as severe cramping or sharp discomfort, might spread to the thighs or lower back and can happen before, during, or after menstruation. Pain from ovarian cysts can be more severe than regular monthly cramps for women, and over-the-counter painkillers might not help. Severe menstrual pain should always be discussed with a healthcare professional, as it may be a sign of ovarian cysts usually endometriotic cysts, or other underlying gynecological conditions that need to be evaluated and treated appropriately. In addition to ensuring the best possible reproductive health, early diagnosis, and treatment can assist reduce discomfort.
- Irregular menstruation: Irregular menstruation is a warning sign of ovarian cysts. The ovarian cyst leads to a hormonal imbalance that disrupts the menstrual cycle. Sometimes the menstruation is oddly heavy or the cycle is irregular. If a woman notices a sudden change in their menstrual cycle, it is recommended that they follow the necessary steps and investigate further.
Ovarian cysts vary in severity based on type and symptoms. Simple cysts often resolve on their own, while endometriotic and dermoid cysts require close monitoring. Immediate medical attention is essential if a cyst grows rapidly, causes severe pain, or leads to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, or elevated tumor markers, which may indicate serious complications such as rupture or infection.
Surgery is recommended for cysts larger than 5 cm, those causing symptoms or elevated tumor markers, complex cysts, infertility-related cases, persistent issues unresponsive to treatment, or suspected malignancies. Laparoscopic surgery is typically preferred for minimal scarring and faster recovery, although open surgery may be necessary in some cases. Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial for effective management and to prevent complications.