Dementia is a syndrome, or a group of symptoms, associated with the progressive decline of the brain. It can be a heartbreaking diagnosis for both the affected person and their loved ones due to the ongoing deterioration it causes.
The prevalence of the condition has also sparked concern as the latest data shows record numbers of people now living with it.
Figures from the NHS showed 478,822 patients had a diagnosis of dementia on 29 February 2024 – an increase of 1,199 patients since 31 January 2024.
This rose again, with a record 487,432 people having been diagnosed by June this year.
Although there is no cure, as with any condition, the sooner you spot the signs of dementia the sooner you can seek the support needed.
With this in mind, one expert shared five key warning signs of dementia to spot.
Rhysa Phommachanh, health expert at Landys Chemist, said: “If somebody close to you is displaying early signs of dementia, try to encourage them to get a medical evaluation and offer emotional support by listening and reassuring them that they are not alone.
“Additionally, promote healthy lifestyle choices, make their environment safe, and connect with support groups for guidance.”
According to Rhysa, the five early warning signs of dementia are as follows.
Memory loss affecting daily life
“Memory loss is one of the hallmark symptoms of dementia,” she said.
“Individuals may forget recently learned information, frequently ask the same questions, or rely increasingly on memory aids.
“This isn’t just about misplacing keys—it’s forgetting important dates or needing reminders for everyday tasks.”
Difficulty with familiar tasks
Completing everyday activities can become challenging for those with dementia.
Rhysa explained: “This includes trouble with tasks such as driving to familiar locations, managing finances, or remembering the rules of a favourite game. It’s more than simply being distracted, it’s a consistent struggle that impacts day-to-day life.”
Disorientation to time and place
A common symptom of dementia is becoming confused about time and place.
“Individuals may forget where they are, how they got there, or lose track of dates and seasons,” Rhysa said.
“This confusion extends beyond ordinary forgetfulness and can lead to significant disorientation.”
Changes in mood and personality
Mood swings and personality changes are often reported in dementia patients.
Rhysa said: “These changes might include increased confusion, suspicion, depression, or anxiety.
“People may become easily upset in situations outside their comfort zone, exhibiting more severe and persistent mood changes than typical fluctuations.”
Problems with language and communication
Dementia can manifest as difficulty in finding the right words, repeating oneself, or losing track in conversations.
She added: “Patients might refer to objects by the wrong name or struggle to follow or join discussions, which is more than occasional lapses in finding the right word.”
If you think someone is displaying symptoms of dementia you should speak to a GP.